Java: Handling InterruptedException

You probably come because you've called a method that throws InterruptedException and need to deal with it somehow.

First of all, you should see throws InterruptedException for what it is: A part of the method signature and a possible outcome of calling the method you're calling. So start by embracing the fact that an InterruptedException is a perfectly valid result of the method call.

Now, if the method you're calling throws such exception, what should your method do? You can figure out the answer by thinking about the following:

Does it make sense for the method you are implementing to throw an InterruptedException? Put differently, is an InterruptedException a sensible outcome when calling your method?

• If yes, then throws InterruptedException should be part of your method signature, and you should let the exception propagate (i.e. don't catch it at all).

  Example: Your method waits for a value from the network to finish the computation and return a result. If the blocking network call throws an InterruptedException your method can not finish computation in a normal way. You let the InterruptedException propagate.

  int computeSum(Server server) throws InterruptedException {
      // Any InterruptedException thrown below is propagated
      int a = server.getValueA();
      int b = server.getValueB();
      return a + b;
  }

• If no, then you should not declare your method with throws InterruptedException and you should (must!) catch the exception. Now two things are important to keep in mind in this situation:

  1. Someone interrupted your thread. That someone is probably eager to cancel the operation, terminate the program gracefully, or whatever. You should be polite to that someone and return from your method without further ado.

  2. Even though your method can manage to produce a sensible return value in case of an InterruptedException the fact that the thread has been interrupted may still be of importance. In particular, the code that calls your method may be interested in whether an interruption occurred during execution of your method. You should therefor log the fact an interruption took place by setting the interrupted flag: Thread.currentThread().interrupt()

  Example: The user has asked to print the sum of two values. Printing "Failed to compute sum" is acceptable if the sum can't be computed (and much better than letting the program crash with a stack trace due to an InterruptedException). In other words, it does not make sense to declare this method with throws InterruptedException.

  void printSum(Server server) {
      try {
          int sum = computeSum(server);
          System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          Thread.currentThread().interrupt();  // set interrupt flag
          System.out.println("Failed to compute sum");
      }
  }
  

By now it should be clear that just doing throw new RuntimeException(e) is a bad idea. It isn't very polite to the caller. You could invent a new runtime exception but the root cause (someone wants the thread to stop execution) might get lost.

Another example: Implementing Runnable

As you may have discovered, the signature of Runnable.run does not allow for rethrowing InterruptedExceptions. Well, you signed up on implementing Runnable, which means that you signed up to deal with possible InterruptedExceptions. Either choose a different interface, such as Callable, or follow the second approach above.

Yet another: Calling Thread.sleep

You're attempting to read a file and the spec says you should try 10 times with 1 second in between. You call Thread.sleep(1000). So, you need to deal with InterruptedException. For a method such as tryToReadFile it makes perfect sense to say, "If I'm interrupted, I can't complete my action of trying to read the file". In other words, it makes perfect sense for the method to throw InterruptedExceptions.

String tryToReadFile(File f) throws InterruptedException {
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        if (f.exists())
            return readFile(f);
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
    return null;
}

Comments (4)

I've gone through a bunch of articles on handling InterruptedException and have not found any example which says that an operation should be retried upon InterruptedException. So I assumed all authors, including you, implied that this exception should not be retried.

Is this the case? Does InterruptedException imply cancel/terminate, or can it also imply something else, like retry?

by Abhishek Agrawal |  Reply

An interrupt means that someone wants the thread to bail out from its currently blocking operation. It's indeed common that this is part of some higher level "abort", like user tries to terminate the application, but this is arguably not always the case.

Ultimately it is only the thread that interrupts that knows the reason for the interruption, so generally speaking the interrupting thread needs to communicate the intention to the interrupted thread, unless it's implicitly clear from the context. For example, if someone pokes at me while I'm reading a book, and I look up at him, I expect him to tell me what he wants. If he gives me a blank stare, (and it's not clear from the context) then I will not know how to respond to the interruption.

by Andreas Lundblad |  Reply

How would the interrupting thread communicate why it is interrupting another thread?

by Kevin Garrett |  Reply

Threads can communicate with each other by for instance sharing a reference to a synchronized message queue, such as an ArrayBlockingQueue. The interrupting thread could then do msgQueue.offer("timeout") and the interrupted thread could do msgQueue.take() to retrieve the message.

by Andreas Lundblad |  Reply

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